PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.